Typhoid fever is caused by bacteria called Salmonella typhi (S. typhi). The incubation period is 7 to 14 days. Typhoid fever is a serious and potentially fatal bacterial infection.
Causes—
The bacteria that causes typhoid fever — S. typhi — spreads through contaminated food, drink, or water.
Symptoms And Signs—
First week | second week | Third week | Fourth week |
Fever, 39–40°C (103–104°F) | First week symptoms | loss of appetite, weight loss | symptoms gradually improve |
Abdominal pain | swelling of the abdomen | myocarditis | |
Constipation or diarrhoea | slowing of the heartbeat | physical exhaustion | |
Vomiting | bouts of foul-smelling, yellow-green, watery diarrhoea | ||
Dry cough | severe swelling of the abdomen | ||
Dull headache in the front of the head | rapid breathing, perforation of the bowel | ||
Delirium | Confusion, | ||
Skin rash(pink spots 1–4 cm wide) | internal bleeding | ||
Malaise | multiple organ failure |
Investigations—-
- Complete blood count
- Blood and stool culture
- Platelet count
- ELISA urine test
- Fluorescent antibody study
Treatment–
Self-care
- Drink plenty of fluids
- Lots of bed rest
- Eat regular meals
Ayurvedic Medicines promises complete cure without any complications.
Surgery
Complications—
- Intestinal perforation and hemorrhage
- Kidney failure
- Peritonitis
Prevention–
- Vaccines are recommended for travel outside and during epidemic outbreaks.
- At-risk travelers should drink only boiled or bottled water and eat well cooked food.
- Adequate water treatment, waste disposal
- Protection of food supply from contamination
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