Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is inflammation of the female upper genital tract- the uterus,fallopian tubes and ovaries.Most cases of PID are caused by an infection in the vagina or cervix that has spread to the pelvic organs higher up.
Causes—-
- D & C
- Hystero-salpingography
- Manual removal of placenta
- Douche
- Endogenous microorganism
- Post-abortal and puerperal sepsis
- IUCD
- More than 1 sex partner
- Sexually transmitted diseases(Gonococcal, Chlamidia)
- Tuberculosis
- Pelvic peritonitis (appendicitis)
- Diverticulitis
Symptoms And Signs–
- Abnormal discharge from vagina or cervix
- Abscesses near ovaries and tubes
- Bilateral lower abdominal pain
- Bleeding between periods and after sex
- Cervical movement tenderness
- Discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse that is felt deep inside the pelvis
- Fever(high grade) and vomiting
- Fixed,tender pelvic mass in lateral fornices
- Irregular menstruation
- Pain in the rectum (back passage)
- Unusual vaginal discharge( yellow or green)
Investigations–
- Test for STDs (HIV and syphilis)
- Urine test for UTI
- Pelvic ultrasound
- Blood counts
- Cervical and Vaginal swab culture
- CT and MRI
Treatment—-
- Ayurvedic Medicines
- Surgery
Complications–
- Recurrent pelvic inflammatory disease
- Abscesses
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Infertility
Prevention—-
- Hospital delivery
- Avoid septic abortion
- Barrier method i.e. condom, Oral contraceptive pills( especially minipills)
- In suspected cases IUCD should be avoided
- Female condom (Femshield)
- Prompt treatment with antibiotics