A kidney disease is an illness or disorder that affects the functioning of kidneys with respect to filtration ,re-absorption and secretion.
Types—
- Glomerular Diseases
- Acute Renal Failure (ARF)
- Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)
- Polycystic Disease Of Kidney
- Renal Calculi
Glomerular Diseases
Classification–
A. Clinical
- Acute nephritic syndrome
- Asymptomatic haematuria/Proteinuria
- Chronic glomerulonephritis
- Hypertension
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
- Recurrent macroscopic haematuria
B. Clinico-pathological
- Non-Proliferative
- Minimal change nephropathy
- Membranous nephropathy
- Focal and segmental Glomerulosclerosis
2. Proliferative
- Diffuse mesangial proliferation with IgM deposition
- Diffuse membrane proliferation with IgA deposition
- Diffuse endothelial proliferative glomerulonephritis
- Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis
- Anti-GBM disease
- Crescenteric glomerulonephritis
CAUSES—-
General
- Secondary and Systemic Disorder
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Diabetes
- Goodpasture’s syndrome
- Bronchiectasis
2. Anti-hypertensive medicines
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- Angiotensin receptor blockers
3. Hereditary
- Alport Syndrome
- Thin membrane basement disease
- Familial clusters
4. Infection
- Viral
- Hepatitis B
- HIV
- Echovirus
- Mumps
- Varicella
- Cytomegalovirus
- Bacteria
- Heamolytic streptococcus
- Pneumococcus
- Klebseilla
- Gonococcus
- Staphylo
- Salmonella
- Yersinia
- Syphilis
- Leprosy
- Tuberculosis
- Viral
- Others ( Malaria, Filariasis, Mycoplasma, Schistosomiasis)
5. Gold
Symptoms And Signs–
General
- Proteinuria
- Hematuria
- Reduced glomerular filtration rate
- Hypoproteinemia
- Edema( hands and ankles- at the end of the day; around the eyes –early morning)