Hookworm is a nematode infestation affecting the small intestine and lungs. The worms are about 1/2 inch long.
Causative agent
- Necator americanus
- Ancylostoma duodenale
- Ancylostoma ceylanicum
- Ancylostoma braziliense
Transmission
The larvae penetrate the skin and migrate to the lungs via the bloodstream. They enter the alveoli, and pass up the air passages and down the oesophagus to reach the jejunum. There they develop into adult worms. Adult worms and larvae are excreted in the faeces.
Symptoms And Signs of Hookworm infestation
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Blood-tinged sputum
- Bloody stool ( red, black, tarry)
- Cough
- Diarrhoea
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Itchy rash
- lightheadedness
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea with or without vomiting
- Oedema of feet
- Pale skin or pallor
- Shortness of breath
Investigations
- Full blood count
- Stool test for ova and cyst
Treatment
De-worming medicines
Complications
- Anaemia
- Ascites
- Other nutritional deficiencies
Prevention
Improvement in sanitation