Heart disease is any disorder that affects the heart’s ability to function normally.
Types–
- Acute mitral regurgitation
- Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
- Aortic regurgitation
- Aortic stenosis
- Arrhythmias
- Cardiogenic shock
- Chronic mitral regurgitation
- Congenital heart disease
- Coronary artery disease (CAD)
- Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Endocarditis
- Heart attack (myocardial infarction)
- Heart failure
- Heart tumor
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Idiopathic cardiomyopathy
- Ischemic cardiomyopathy
- Mitral stenosis
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Peripartum cardiomyopathy
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Stable angina
- Tricuspid regurgitation
- Unstable angina
CAUSES-
- Narrowing of or blockage in the coronary arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle
- Disturbed sleep pattern
- Excessive smoking and alcohol
- Haphazard lifestyle
- Undue stress(physical and mental)
- Taking unprescribed medications(specially antibiotics)
- Not eating good(fatty, oily food ,binge-eating)
- Lack of physical exercises
- Obesity
- Persistent high blood pressure
- High blood cholesterol
- Diabetes(especially NIDDM)
- Hereditary(Heart disease tends to run in families)
Symptoms And Signs—-
- Breathing Problems
- Chest Discomfort Or Pain
- Cyanosis (Bluish Skin Discoloration)
- Depression
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Headache
- Lethargy
- Lightheadedness
- Loss Of Appetite
- Loss Of Consciousness
- Memory Problems
- Narcolepsy(Sudden Sleep)
- Palpitations
- Shortness Of Breath
- Somnolence(Daytime Sleepiness)
INVESTIGATIONS—
There are many invasive and non-invasive tests done to detect heart diseases.
- Cardiac catheterization (cath; coronary angiography)
- Chest x-ray
- Computed tomography (CT) scan
- Echocardiogram
- Exercise stress test
- Holter monitor (ambulatory electrocardiogram)
- Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Muga scan
- Pet test
- Pharmacologic stress test
- Resting electrocardiogram (ECG )
- Signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG)
- Stress echocardiography
- Technetium stress test
- Thallium stress test
- Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
Treatment-
Medicines
Medical Procedures
Surgery
PREVENTION–
A healthy lifestyle can lower the risk of heart diseases.
- Adopt healthy diet(Low in saturated and trans fats, rich in omega-3 fatty acids, High in fiber, Low in salt and sugar)
- Be physically active (moderate-intensity activity)
- Quit smoking
- Lower the blood cholesterol level(keep intake of calories from fat under 30% of total calories)
- Control Blood Pressure and Diabetes
- Avoid HRT if at risk of heart disease
- Maintain a healthy weight(Eat smaller portions and choose lower calorie foods
- Manage stress(relaxation therapy)
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