A goiter is an abnormal swelling of the thyroid gland that causes a lump to form in the throat. The thyroid gland is a small butterfly-shaped gland in the neck that is located just in front of the windpipe. It produces thyroid hormones, which help to regulate the body’s metabolism. The thyroid gland is not usually noticeable. However, if it swells it produces a lump in the throat that is known as a goitre
CAUSES —
- Iodine deficiency
- people who live inland or at high elevations
- diet high in hormone-inhibiting foods(cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower)
- Graves’ disease
(Over stimulation of thyroid (hyperthyroidism)
3. Hashimoto’s disease
Autoimmune disorder (hypothyroidism)
4. Multinodular goiter
5. Solitary thyroid nodules
6. Thyroid cancer
7. Pregnancy
Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), may enlarge thyroid gland slightly
8. Thyroiditis
9. Family history of autoimmune diseases
10. Medications
- Immunosuppressants
- Antiretrovirals
- amiodarone
- lithium
11. Radiation exposure
Symptoms And Signs–
- Cough
- Difficulty breathing
- Difficulty swallowing
- Dizziness
- Hoarse voice
- Small nodule or lump on the front of the neck
- Sore throat
- Vein swelling in the neck
- Of hyperthyroidism
- Protruding eyes
- Unexplained weight loss
- Heat intolerance
- Perspiration
10. Of hypothyroidism
- Depression
- Weakness
- Unexplained weight gain
Investigations—
- Hormonal assay
- An antibody test
- Ultrasonography(neck)
- Thyroid scan(radioisotope technique)
- Fine needle aspiration biopsy
TREATMENT–
- Wait And Watch
Small goiter not posing any problem
- Ayurvedic Medicines
- Surgery (thyroidectomy)
COMPLICATIONS—
- Thyroid cancer
- Toxic nodular goiter
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