A cataract results when the normally transparent lens of the eye clouds, blurring vision. Most cataracts are age-related, advancing slowly and progressively until functional blindness occurs.
Cataract can be successfully treated through a surgical procedure that removes the damaged, natural eye lens and replaces it with a permanent, intra-ocular lens implant. The procedure has over a 90 percent success rate. After refractive errors, cataract is the most common vision disorder.
Classification
- Subcapsular cataract(occurs at the back of the lens)
- Nuclear cataract(forms deep in the nucleus of the lens)
- Cortical cataract(occurs in the lens cortex)
CAUSES
- Aging
- Diabetes
- Eye inflammation
- Eye injury
- Family history of cataracts
- High farsightedness
- Long-term use of corticosteroids (taken by mouth)
- Radiation exposure
- Smoking
- Surgery for another eye problem
- Too much exposure to ultraviolet light(sunlight)
Symptoms And Signs
- Adult cataracts develop slowly and painlessly.
- Vision in the affected eye or eyes slowly gets worse.
- Mild clouding of the lens often occurs after age 60, but it may not cause any vision problems.
- By age 75, most people have cataracts that affect their vision.
- Being sensitive to glare
- Cloudy, fuzzy, foggy, or filmy vision
- Difficulty seeing at night or in dim light
- white, wedge-like opacities
- Double vision
- Loss of color intensity
- Problems seeing shapes against a background or the difference between shades of colors
- Seeing halos around lights
- Decreased vision, even in daylight
- Frequent changes in eyeglass prescription
Investigations
- Standard eye examination
- Slit-lamp examination
Treatment
Surgery—
The main treatment for a cataract is surgery to remove it.
If a cataract is not bothersome, surgery is usually not necessary
Self-Care—
- Better eyeglasses
- Better lighting
- Magnifying lenses
- Sunglasses
- Changes around the home (to avoid falls and injuries.)
Complications
- Permanent vision problems.
- Hyper-mature cataract
Prevention
- Control cataract causing diseases
- Avoid exposure to causative factors
- Wear sunglasses outside during the day(to filter out UV rays)
- Stop smoking
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