Amoebic dysentry or Enteritis
Causative agent–
Entamoeba histolytica.
Transmission by–
Contaminated food and water
Types–
- Intestinal amoebiasis (invasive amoebiasis)
- Extraintestinal amoebiasis
- Asymptomatic amoebiasis
Symptoms and Signs—
Intestinal Amoebiasis
- Malaise
- Weight loss
- Mimic appendicitis.
- Acute colitis
- Ameboma formation
- Stools are heme-positive
- loose stools(10-12) with blood and mucus
- Spasmodic abdominal pain
Extraintestinal amoebiasis
Amoebic liver abscess
- Fever
- Right upper quadrant pain
- Tenderness of less than 10 days’ duration.
- Weight loss
- Cough
- Jaundice
Pleuropulmonary amebiasis
- Cough
- Pleuritic chest pain
- Respiratory distress
Cerebral amebiasis
- Abrupt onset of nausea
- Vomiting
- Headache
- Mental status change
Investigations–
- Ultrasound
- CT
- MRI
- X-ray
- Examination of stools under a microscope
- Sigmoidoscopy
- Serology – ELISA
- CBC
Treatment–
- Medicines
- Amoebic liver abscess aspiration
Complications–
- Amoebic cutis
- Amoebic peritonitis
- Amoebic vulvovaginitis
- Broncho pleural fistula
- Empyema lung
- Lung abscess
- Malnutrition
- Meningoencephalitis
- Pericolic and pericaecal abscess
- Pulmono pleural fistula
- Rectovaginal fistula
- Rectovesicle fistula
- Severe ulceration of the gastrointestinal mucosa
- Stunting of growth.
- Sub-diaphragmatic abscess
Prevention—
- Practice general hygiene(hand wash, separate towels, sanitary hygiene)
- Avoid raw vegetables when in endemic areas, as they may have been fertilized using human faeces.
- Boil water or treat with iodine tablets.
- Sedimentation and filtration of water supplies are necessary to reduce the incidence of infection
- Avoid eating Street Foods especially in public places where others are sharing sauces in one container
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